Internal combustion engine



Aug. 2s, 1934: J. F EDGAR 1,971,904

4 A INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed April 15. 1931 Patented ug. 28, 1934 narran -srA'rEs rnrsnfrorifice 1,971,904Y INTERNAL COMBUS'IIN ENGINE Jacob F. Edgar, Detroit, Mich., assignerV to Packard Motor Car Company, Detroit, Mich., a corporation ofrMichigan o o Application April 15, 1931,k Serial No. 530,336

:This invention relates to internal combustion engines and more particularly to compressionignition engines. i

In engines of the type referred to, itis customary to compress air in the cylinders and to inject li5 an engine in which a portion of the fuel charge is bj1-passed from the cylinder and again introduced therein when the piston is moving in its working stroke. l A further object of the invention is to provide an engine having a cylinder provided with a conduit opening therein in different axial planes, one end of which is adjacent the head and the other end of which is covered by the piston during its movement adjacent the head, so that a portion of the fuel charge will be trapped from the cylinder and reintroduced when the piston is moved downwardly on its working stroke.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with .A the drawing, which forms a part of this specifi- IV Fig. 2 is a sectional view through the cylinder,

taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Referring now to the drawing by characters of reference, 10 indicates an air-cooled engine cyll inder having an integral head 11 through which a single port 12 extends for the purpose of admitting air into the cylinder and allowing the escape of exhaust gas.

Within the cylinder therev is a reciprocating o piston 13 having a rod 14 connected to the crank shaft, not shown, of an engine.

piston is formed with a pocket 15 which registers with a nozzle 16 arranged to extend through the wall of the cylinder adjacent the head. The nozzle illustrated includes a valve head 1'7 which k is arranged to normally close the nozzle but to open inwardly of the cylinder when liquid fuelY charges are being injected. It will be understood that the nozzleillustrated is associated with Aa high pressure pumpso that variable liquid fuel charges can be projected wellinto the cylinder in The end of thean atomized condition such as to readily mix with compressed air charges.

My invention is shown associated with an engine of the four-cycle type in which air is drawn into the cylinder through the valve port 12, is then compressed and a fuel charge introduced therein when the piston is kadjacent the head on the compression stroke. Ignition of the fuel charge occurs through compression, whereupon the piston moves in its working stroke, after which do the .exhaust lstroke follows. The port is open during the exhaust and intake strokes of the piston and is closed during the compression and working strokes of the piston.

In engines of this type extremely high peak 7) pressures are produced at the end of the compression strokes. Such peak pressures are very une desirable because of the additional strength required in the cylinder structure and the asso- M ciated parts, the extreme high heat developed and the inemciency produced by such a condition.

In order to reduce the peak pressure, I provide by-pass means in which a portion of the fuel charge is trapped, and then admitted to the cylinder during the working stroke of the piston so that no power is lost through its removal. As one means of Icy-passing a part of the fuel charge, I provide a conduit 18 having its open ends communicating with the interior of the cylinder. One end of the conduit communicates with the interior of the cylinder adjacent the head, While the other end of theconduit is arranged to extend in a plane spaced axially from the end adjacent the head so that it will be closed by the piston during reciprocation adjacent the head.

The end 19 of the conduit extends `through the cylinder adjacent the head and is formed with a' seat 20 adapted to receive a ball 21 which is normally held seated by a coil springA 22. This 95 ball provides a one-way Vvalve so that the fuel charge forced into the conduit, after the piston has covered the end 23 of the conduit, cannot return through the end 19 and, therefore, will be trapped in theconduit until the piston uncovers the end 23, whereupon the charge will again be introduced intoY the cylinder and its expansion can take place. In this mannerthe peak pressure in the cylinder is relieved and the displaced fuel charge is utilized so that there will be no loss of eiciency otherwise caused byV its removal.

In order to deflect the ytrapped fuel charge and to regulate the time at which it is introduced into the cylinder during the working stroke, I 110 provide a projection 24 on the piston end which registers with the opening 23 of the conduit.v By forming this defiector of desired length, the time at which the icy-passed fuel reenters the cylinder can be accurately timed so that explosion Will not take place in the conduit.

While I have herein described in some detail a specic embodiment of my invention, which I d-eem to be new and advantageous and may specifically claim, I do not desire it to be understood that my invention is limited to the exact details of the construction, as it will be apparent that changes may be made therein VWithout departing from the spirit or scope of my invention.

What I claim is:

1. In an internal combustion engine of the' compression-ignition type, a cylinder, means for admitting air into the cylinder, means for injecting liquid fuel into the cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, a conduit establishing communication between axially spaced interior portions of the cylinder, one end of the conduit being adjacentv the head, and a one-way valvevin the end of the conduit adjacent the head, said valve opening toward the remote end ofthe conduit.

2. In an internal combustion engine of the adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder and stopping communication between one end of the bypass means and the cylinder during its movement adjacent the head, and a deector projecting from the end of the piston in an axial plane registering with the by-pass end adapted to be closed by the piston.

3. In-an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston in the cylinder, means associated with the cylinder to feed fuel therein, exhaust means for the cylinder, conduit means establishing communication between axially spaced interiorportions of the cylinder, one end of the conduit means being adjacent the cylinder head, and valve means in the end of the conduit means nearest the cylinder head, said valve means opening toward the vremote end of the conduit means.

,4. lIn an internal combustion engine of the caping from the by-pass end, when uncovered by the piston, toward the head of the cylinder. JACOB F. EDGAR.. 

